From: Publication and non-publication of clinical trials in PTSD: an overview
Variable | Published | Not published | Test statistic | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Randomised, n (%) | 252 (90) | 74 (78) | χ2(1) = 9.15 | < 0.002* |
Blinding |  |  | χ2(2) = 5.51 | 0.064 |
 Double blind | 78 (31) | 25 (28) |  |  |
 Single blind | 86 (34) | 22 (24) |  |  |
 Open label | 88 (35) | 44 (48) |  |  |
Intervention type, n (%) |  |  | χ2(3) = 11.45 | 0.010* |
 Drug | 52 (19) | 33 (33) |  |  |
 Behavioural | 191 (68) | 56 (57) |  |  |
 Drug and behavioural | 22 (8) | 3 (3) |  |  |
 Procedure/device (e.g. TMS) | 16 (6) | 7 (7) |  |  |
Any control condition used, n (%) (e.g. waitlist, TAU) | 255 (91) | 84 (85) | χ2(1) = 2.65 | 0.104 |
Placebo used | 68 (24) | 27 (27) | χ2(1) = 0.369 | 0.544 |
Comparator used | 94 (34) | 33 (33) | χ2(1) = 0.00 | 0.983 |
Number of study arms, n (%) |  |  | χ2(2) = 5.35 | 0.069 |
 One | 24 (9) | 16 (16) |  |  |
 Two | 213 (76) | 65 (66) |  |  |
 Three to six | 44 (16) | 18 (18) |  |  |
Status of the main sponsor, n (%) |  |  | χ2(4) = 9.3 | 0.055 |
 University | 128 (46) | 36 (36) |  |  |
 Hospital | 59 (21) | 17 (17) |  |  |
 Governmental organisation | 57 (20) | 33 (33) |  |  |
 Non-commercial (e.g. NGO) | 34 (12) | 10 (10) |  |  |
 Pharmaceutical/industry | 3 (1) | 3 (3) |  |  |
Any secondary sponsor listed, n (%) | 148 (53) | 45 (46) | χ2(1) = 1.53 | 0.217 |
Any sponsor university | 141 (50) | 42 (42) | χ2(1) = 1.76 | 0.184 |
Any sponsor hospital | 71 (25) | 182 (18) | χ2(1) = 2.049 | 0.152 |
Any sponsor governmental organisation | 146 (52) | 54 (55) | χ2(1) = 0.20 | 0.657 |
Any sponsor non-commercial | 53 (19) | 14 (14) | χ2(1) = 1.12 | 0.289 |
Any sponsor pharmaceutical/industry | 15 (5) | 14 (14) | χ2(1) = 8.048 | 0.005* |
Contact email provided, n (%) | 137 (49) | 35 (35) | χ2(1) = 5.31 | 0.021* |
Are the results related to PTSD, n (%) | 269 (97) | 29 (97) | χ2(1) = 0.00 | 0.978 |
PTSD-related outcome/s, n (%) |  |  | χ2(3) = 4.75 | 0.191 |
 Primary | 145 (54) | 15 (54) |  |  |
 Secondary | 47 (18) | 4 (14) |  |  |
 Both primary and secondary | 52 (19) | 3 (11) |  |  |
 Other (e.g. covariate or condition studied) | 25 (9) | 6 (21) |  |  |
Primary outcome measure/s, n (%) |  |  | χ2(2) = 5.64 | 0.060 |
 Positive | 156 (59) | 9 (56) |  |  |
 Null | 60 (23) | 7 (44) |  |  |
 Mixed | 47 (18) | 0 (0) |  |  |
Secondary outcome measure/s, n (%) |  |  | χ2(2) = 1. 65 | 0.439 |
 Positive | 109 (44) | 2 (25) |  |  |
 Null | 52 (21) | 3 (38) |  |  |
 Mixed | 89 (36) | 3 (38) |  |  |
Study registered before started, n (%) | 92 (33) | 35 (35) | χ2(1) = 1.17 | 0.683 |
Study registered before completed, n (%) | 207 (78) | 84 (86) | χ2(1) = 2.42 | 0.120 |