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Table 1 Overview of instruments used in survey questionnaire

From: Explaining variance in perceived research misbehavior: results from a survey among academic researchers in Amsterdam

Construct of interest

Instrument (reference), interpretation

# items, (# subscales)

Reliability of scores

Individual factors

Gender (male*/female)

Academic rank (PhD student*, postdoc or assistant professor, associate or full professor)

Disciplinary field (biomedical sciences, natural sciences, social sciences and humanities*)

3

Not applicable.

Climate factors

SOURCE [17], The higher the subscale score, the more positive the perceptions of the research climate.

28 (7)

Cronbach’s α ranges from .81 to .87

Publication factors

PPQr [18], The higher the subscale score, the more negative the perceptions of the publication system.

18 (3)

Cronbach’s α ranges from .75 to .80

Research misbehaviors

List of QRPs and RM [5]

60

Generalizability coefficients for perceived frequency is .80 and .89 for perceived impact, respectively.

  1. * reference category- to ease interpretation, we chose the group with the highest or the lowest score