Table 3 Eligibility criteria
Item | Included | Excluded |
|---|---|---|
Study designs | Systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions. The definition of systematic review, intervention review, and orthodontic interventions listed in the Glossary of terms will be used to assess whether a review is eligible (Table 1). | (1) Non-interventional reviews such as, “Methodology,” “Diagnostic,” “Qualitative,” and “Prognostic” (2) Rapid and scoping reviews (3) Systematic reviews that focus exclusively on adverse effects of interventions (5) Systematic reviews of interventions that did not find any eligible studies (empty reviews) |
Participants | Systematic reviews on any type of patients undergoing orthodontic interventions, i.e., patients of any health status, sex, age, demographics, and socio-economic status. | (1) Intervention reviews that focus exclusively on patients with congenital anomalies, for example with cleft lip and palate (2) Systematic reviews of animal or laboratory studies |
Interventions | (1) Systematic reviews that assess the effects of clinical orthodontic interventions. Clinical orthodontic interventions refer to the use of any type of orthodontic appliance that is used to move teeth or change the jaw size or position for orthodontic purposes (2) Systematic reviews of interventions with appliances to maintain or stabilize the outcomes of orthodontic treatment, for example, retainers (3) Systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions that compare the effects of orthodontic treatment with or without additional interventions such as pharmacological or small surgical interventions, e.g., periodontal or implant surgery (4) No exclusion criteria will be applied to the characteristics of the operator who conducted the interventions | (1) Systematic reviews in which patients receive orthodontic treatment, but in which the effects of other interventions, e.g., periodontal surgery, are compared and not the effects of orthodontic interventions (2) Systematic reviews of interventions in which orthodontic appliances are specifically used for other purposes, e.g., changing jaw positions to treat respiration or temporomandibular disorders (3) Systematic review of orthodontic interventions that included orthognathic surgery |
Outcomes | (1) Any adverse effect of orthodontic interventions scored at any endpoint or timing | No exclusion criteria |
(2) The effects of orthodontic interventions do not refer just to outcomes related to tooth and jaw size and positions, but also to broader outcomes such as periodontal health, esthetic changes, the health of the temporomandibular joint, patient health experiences, and economic issues associated with the interventions | ||
(3) The reporting of outcomes on adverse effects will not determine the eligibility of reviews for this cross-sectional study, i.e., reviews will not be excluded because they did not provide “usable” data [30] | ||
Stetting | Any type of setting in which the interventions were conducted, i.e., university or private practice, etc. | No exclusion criteria |