Articles

Strengthening the incentives for responsible research practices in Australian health and medical research funding

Australian health and medical research funders support substantial research efforts, and incentives within grant funding schemes influence researcher behaviour. We aimed to determine to what extent Australian ...

Authors: Joanna Diong, Cynthia M. Kroeger, Katherine J. Reynolds, Adrian Barnett and Lisa A. Bero

Correction to: Cross-sectional study of medical advertisements in a national general medical journal: evidence, cost, and safe use of advertised versus comparative drugs

Authors: Kim Boesen, Anders Lykkemark Simonsen, Karsten Juhl Jørgensen and Peter C. Gøtzsche

Evaluating implementation of the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines: the TRUST process for rating journal policies, procedures, and practices

The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines describe modular standards that journals can adopt to promote open science. The TOP Factor is a metric to describe the extent to which journals have ado...

Authors: Evan Mayo-Wilson, Sean Grant, Lauren Supplee, Sina Kianersi, Afsah Amin, Alex DeHaven and David Mellor

Cross-sectional study of medical advertisements in a national general medical journal: evidence, cost, and safe use of advertised versus comparative drugs

Healthcare professionals are exposed to advertisements for prescription drugs in medical journals. Such advertisements may increase prescriptions of new drugs at the expense of older treatments even when they ...

Authors: Kim Boesen, Anders Lykkemark Simonsen, Karsten Juhl Jørgensen and Peter C. Gøtzsche

Explaining variance in perceived research misbehavior: results from a survey among academic researchers in Amsterdam

Concerns about research misbehavior in academic science have sparked interest in the factors that may explain research misbehavior. Often three clusters of factors are distinguished: individual factors, climat...

Authors: Tamarinde Haven, Joeri Tijdink, Brian Martinson, Lex Bouter and Frans Oort

Cooperation & Liaison between Universities & Editors (CLUE): recommendations on best practice

Inaccurate, false or incomplete research publications may mislead readers including researchers and decision-makers. It is therefore important that such problems are identified and rectified promptly. This usu...

Authors: Elizabeth Wager and Sabine Kleinert

Steps toward preregistration of research on research integrity

A proposal to encourage the preregistration of research on research integrity was developed and adopted as the Amsterdam Agenda at the 5th World Conference on Research Integrity (Amsterdam, 2017). This paper r...

Authors: Klaas Sijtsma, Wilco H. M. Emons, Nicholas H. Steneck and Lex M. Bouter

Re-evaluation of solutions to the problem of unprofessionalism in peer review

Our recent paper (https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s41073-020-00096-x) reported that 43% of reviewer comment sets (n=1491) shared with authors contained at least one unprof...

Authors: Travis G. Gerwing, Alyssa M. Allen Gerwing, Chi-Yeung Choi, Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Jeff C. Clements and Joshua A. Rash

Estimating the prevalence of text overlap in biomedical conference abstracts

Scientists communicate progress and exchange information via publication and presentation at scientific meetings. We previously showed that text similarity analysis applied to Medline can identify and quantify...

Authors: Nick Kinney, Araba Wubah, Miguel Roig and Harold R. Garner

Rethinking success, integrity, and culture in research (part 2) — a multi-actor qualitative study on problems of science

Research misconduct and questionable research practices have been the subject of increasing attention in the past few years. But despite the rich body of research available, few empirical works also include th...

Authors: Noémie Aubert Bonn and Wim Pinxten

Rethinking success, integrity, and culture in research (part 1) — a multi-actor qualitative study on success in science

Success shapes the lives and careers of scientists. But success in science is difficult to define, let alone to translate in indicators that can be used for assessment. In the past few years, several groups ex...

Authors: Noémie Aubert Bonn and Wim Pinxten

Survey study of research integrity officers’ perceptions of research practices associated with instances of research misconduct

Research on research integrity has tended to focus on frequency of research misconduct and factors that might induce someone to commit research misconduct. A definitive answer to the first question has been el...

Authors: Michael Kalichman

Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature

Preprint usage is growing rapidly in the life sciences; however, questions remain on the relative quality of preprints when compared to published articles. An objective dimension of quality that is readily mea...

Authors: Clarissa F. D. Carneiro, Victor G. S. Queiroz, Thiago C. Moulin, Carlos A. M. Carvalho, Clarissa B. Haas, Danielle Rayêe, David E. Henshall, Evandro A. De-Souza, Felippe E. Amorim, Flávia Z. Boos, Gerson D. Guercio, Igor R. Costa, Karina L. Hajdu, Lieve van Egmond, Martin Modrák, Pedro B. Tan…

Doing better: eleven ways to improve the integration of sex and gender in health research proposals

Integrating a sex and gender lens is increasingly recognized as important in health research studies. Past failures to adequately consider sex in drug development, for example, led to medications that were met...

Authors: Robin Mason

Do journals instruct authors to address sex and gender in psychological science?

Sex and gender influence individuals’ psychology, but are often overlooked in psychological science. The sex and gender equity in research (SAGER) guidelines provide instruction for addressing sex and gender w...

Authors: Courtenay Cavanaugh and Yara Abu Hussein

MyCites: a proposal to mark and report inaccurate citations in scholarly publications

Inaccurate citations are erroneous quotations or instances of paraphrasing of previously published material that mislead readers about the claims of the cited source. They are often unaddressed due to underrep...

Authors: Mohammad Hosseini, Martin Paul Eve, Bert Gordijn and Cameron Neylon

High impact nutrition and dietetics journals’ use of publication procedures to increase research transparency

The rigor and integrity of the published research in nutrition studies has come into serious question in recent years. Concerns focus on the use of flexible data analysis practices and selective reporting and ...

Authors: Dennis M. Gorman and Alva O. Ferdinand

Innovating editorial practices: academic publishers at work

Triggered by a series of controversies and diversifying expectations of editorial practices, several innovative peer review procedures and supporting technologies have been proposed. However, adoption of these...

Authors: Serge P. J. M. Horbach and Willem Halffman

Quantifying professionalism in peer review

The process of peer-review in academia has attracted criticism surrounding issues of bias, fairness, and professionalism; however, frequency of occurrence of such comments is unknown.

Authors: Travis G. Gerwing, Alyssa M. Allen Gerwing, Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Chi-Yeung Choi, Jeff C. Clements and Joshua A. Rash

Publishing computational research - a review of infrastructures for reproducible and transparent scholarly communication

The trend toward open science increases the pressure on authors to provide access to the source code and data they used to compute the results reported in their scientific papers. Since sharing materials repro...

Authors: Markus Konkol, Daniel Nüst and Laura Goulier

Open up: a survey on open and non-anonymized peer reviewing

Our aim is to highlight the benefits and limitations of open and non-anonymized peer review. Our argument is based on the literature and on responses to a survey on the reviewing process of alt.chi, a more or ...

Authors: Lonni Besançon, Niklas Rönnberg, Jonas Löwgren, Jonathan P. Tennant and Matthew Cooper

Grant reviewer perceptions of the quality, effectiveness, and influence of panel discussion

Funding agencies have long used panel discussion in the peer review of research grant proposals as a way to utilize a set of expertise and perspectives in making funding decisions. Little research has examined...

Authors: Stephen A. Gallo, Karen B. Schmaling, Lisa A. Thompson and Scott R. Glisson

The limitations to our understanding of peer review

Peer review is embedded in the core of our knowledge generation systems, perceived as a method for establishing quality or scholarly legitimacy for research, while also often distributing academic prestige and...

Authors: Jonathan P. Tennant and Tony Ross-Hellauer

Proceedings from the V Brazilian Meeting on Research Integrity, Science and Publication Ethics (V BRISPE)

Authors:

Reproducible and transparent research practices in published neurology research

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nature and extent of reproducible and transparent research practices in neurology publications.

Authors: Shelby Rauh, Trevor Torgerson, Austin L. Johnson, Jonathan Pollard, Daniel Tritz and Matt Vassar

The acceptability of using a lottery to allocate research funding: a survey of applicants

The Health Research Council of New Zealand is the first major government funding agency to use a lottery to allocate research funding for their Explorer Grant scheme. This is a somewhat controversial approach ...

Authors: Mengyao Liu, Vernon Choy, Philip Clarke, Adrian Barnett, Tony Blakely and Lucy Pomeroy

The role of geographic bias in knowledge diffusion: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Descriptive studies examining publication rates and citation counts demonstrate a geographic skew toward high-income countries (HIC), and research from low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) is generally unde...

Authors: Mark Skopec, Hamdi Issa, Julie Reed and Matthew Harris

Impact of US industry payment disclosure laws on payments to surgeons: a natural experiment

To compare changes in the number and amount of payments received by orthopedic and non-orthopedic surgeons from industry between 2014 and 2017.

Authors: Taeho Greg Rhee, Tijana Stanic and Joseph S. Ross

Spin in the reporting, interpretation, and extrapolation of adverse effects of orthodontic interventions: protocol for a cross-sectional study of systematic reviews

Titles and abstracts are the most read sections of biomedical papers. It is therefore important that abstracts transparently report both the beneficial and adverse effects of health care interventions and do n...

Authors: Pauline A. J. Steegmans, Nicola Di Girolamo and Reint A. Meursinge Reynders

Systematic overview of Freedom of Information Act requests to the Department of Health and Human Services from 2008 to 2017

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) provides access to unreleased government records that can be used to enhance the transparency and integrity of biomedical research. We characterized FOIA requests to Depar...

Authors: Alexander C. Egilman, Joshua D. Wallach, Christopher J. Morten, Peter Lurie and Joseph S. Ross

Researchers’ perceptions of research misbehaviours: a mixed methods study among academic researchers in Amsterdam

There is increasing evidence that research misbehaviour is common, especially the minor forms. Previous studies on research misbehaviour primarily focused on biomedical and social sciences, and evidence from n...

Authors: Tamarinde L. Haven, Joeri K. Tijdink, H. Roeline Pasman, Guy Widdershoven, Gerben ter Riet and Lex M. Bouter

Testing an active intervention to deter researchers’ use of questionable research practices

In this study, we tested a simple, active “ethical consistency” intervention aimed at reducing researchers’ endorsement of questionable research practices (QRPs).

Authors: S. V. Bruton, M. Brown, D. F. Sacco and R. Didlake

Librarians as methodological peer reviewers for systematic reviews: results of an online survey

Developing a comprehensive, reproducible literature search is the basis for a high-quality systematic review (SR). Librarians and information professionals, as expert searchers, can improve the quality of syst...

Authors: Holly K. Grossetta Nardini, Janene Batten, Melissa C. Funaro, Rolando Garcia-Milian, Kate Nyhan, Judy M. Spak, Lei Wang and Janis G. Glover

Evaluating ethics oversight during assessment of research integrity

We provide additional information relevant to our previous publication on the quality of reports of investigations of research integrity by academic institutions. Despite concerns being raised about ethical ov...

Authors: Andrew Grey, Mark Bolland and Alison Avenell

Development of research integrity in France is on the rise: the introduction of research integrity officers was a progress

Implementing responsible conduct of research and monitoring bad practices requires time and tact. In France, it was in 2015 that the wishes of those in charge of research proposed the appointment of research i...

Authors: Hervé Maisonneuve

A guide to applying the Good Publication Practice 3 guidelines in the Asia-Pacific region

Numerous recommendations and guidelines aim to improve the quality, timeliness and transparency of medical publications. However, these guidelines use ambiguous language that can be challenging to interpret, p...

Authors: Blair R. Hesp, Katsuhisa Arai, Magdalene Y. S. Chu, Stefanie Chuah, Jose Miguel B. Curameng, Sandeep Kamat, Zhigang Ma, Andrew Sakko and Hazel Fernandez

Impact of peer review on discussion of study limitations and strength of claims in randomized trial reports: a before and after study

In their research reports, scientists are expected to discuss limitations that their studies have. Previous research showed that often, such discussion is absent. Also, many journals emphasize the importance o...

Authors: Kerem Keserlioglu, Halil Kilicoglu and Gerben ter Riet

A 10-year follow up of publishing ethics in China: what is new and what is unchanged

Organ donation and transplantation in China are ethically complex due to questionable informed consent and the use of prisoners as donors. Publishing works from China can be problematic. The objective of this ...

Authors: Katrina A. Bramstedt and Jun Xu

Value pluralism in research integrity

Both scientists and society at large have rightfully become increasingly concerned about research integrity in recent decades. In response, codes of conduct for research have been developed and elaborated. We ...

Authors: Rik Peels, Jeroen de Ridder, Tamarinde Haven and Lex Bouter

Critical review of the TransCelerate Template for clinical study reports (CSRs) and publication of Version 2 of the CORE Reference (Clarity and Openness in Reporting: E3-based) Terminology Table

CORE (Clarity and Openness in Reporting: E3-based) Reference (released May 2016 by the European Medical Writers Association [EMWA] and the American Medical Writers Association [AMWA]) is a complete and authoritat...

Authors: Samina Hamilton, Aaron B. Bernstein, Graham Blakey, Vivien Fagan, Tracy Farrow, Debbie Jordan, Walther Seiler and Art Gertel

Publication and non-publication of clinical trials in PTSD: an overview

Although a large number of clinical trials on interventions demonstrating efficacy (or lack thereof) are conducted annually, much of this evidence is not accessible to scientists and clinicians.

Authors: Sharain Suliman, Leigh van den Heuvel, Alexandra Suryapranata, Jonathan I. Bisson and Soraya Seedat

Professional medical writing support and the quality, ethics and timeliness of clinical trial reporting: a systematic review

Many authors choose to work with professional medical writers when reporting the results of clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between professional medical writing su...

Authors: Obaro Evuarherhe, William Gattrell, Richard White and Christopher C. Winchester

Correction to: ranking major and minor research misbehaviors: results from a survey among participants of four World Conferences on Research Integrity

.

Authors: Lex M. Bouter, Joeri Tijdink, Nils Axelsen, Brian C. Martinson and Gerben ter Riet

A randomised controlled trial of an Intervention to Improve Compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines (IICARus)

The ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines are widely endorsed but compliance is limited. We sought to determine whether journal-requested completion of an ARRIVE checklist impro...

Authors: Kaitlyn Hair, Malcolm R. Macleod and Emily S. Sena

Good Practice for Conference Abstracts and Presentations: GPCAP

Research that has been sponsored by pharmaceutical, medical device and biotechnology companies is often presented at scientific and medical conferences. However, practices vary between organizations and it can...

Authors: Cate Foster, Elizabeth Wager, Jackie Marchington, Mina Patel, Steve Banner, Nina C. Kennard, Antonia Panayi and Rianne Stacey

The advantages of peer review over arbitration for resolving authorship disputes

A recent commentary argued for arbitration to resolve authorship disputes within academic research settings explaining that current mechanisms to resolve conflicts result in unclear outcomes and institutional ...

Authors: Zubin Master and Evelyn Tenenbaum

Measuring the data gap: inclusion of sex and gender reporting in diabetes research

Important sex and gender differences have been found in research on diabetes complications and treatment. Reporting on whether and how sex and gender impact research findings is crucial for developing tailored...

Authors: Suzanne Day, Wei Wu, Robin Mason and Paula A. Rochon

Policy driven changes in animal research practices: mapping researchers’ attitudes towards animal-free innovations using the Netherlands as an example

Reducing the number of animals used in experiments has become a priority for the governments of many countries. For these reductions to occur, animal-free alternatives must be made more available and, cruciall...

Authors: S. Bressers, H. van den Elzen, C. Gräwe, D. van den Oetelaar, P. H. A. Postma and S. K. Schoustra

Personally perceived publication pressure: revising the Publication Pressure Questionnaire (PPQ) by using work stress models

The emphasis on impact factors and the quantity of publications intensifies competition between researchers. This competition was traditionally considered an incentive to produce high-quality work, but there a...

Authors: Tamarinde L. Haven, Marije Esther Evalien de Goede, Joeri K. Tijdink and Frans Jeroen Oort

Selective citation in scientific literature on the human health effects of bisphenol A

Bisphenol A is highly debated and studied in relation to a variety of health outcomes. This large variation in the literature makes BPA a topic that is prone to selective use of literature, in order to underpi...

Authors: M. J. E. Urlings, B. Duyx, G. M. H. Swaen, L. M. Bouter and M. P. Zeegers